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''SS Imperator'' was an ocean liner built for the Hamburg America Line (Hamburg Amerikanische Paketfahrt Aktien Gesellschaft, or HAPAG), launched in 1912. Upon launch, she surpassed the just completed RMS Titanic by 24 ft., and she herself was surpassed the same year by SS Vaterland (later SS Leviathan) by 44 ft. She was the first of a trio of successively larger Hamburg America ships that included and built by the line for transatlantic passenger service. At the time of her completion in June 1913, she was the largest passenger ship in the world, surpassing the ''Titanics sister ship the ''Olympic''. During World War I, the ship remained in port in Hamburg. After the war, she was briefly commissioned into the United States Navy as USS ''Imperator'' (ID-4080) and employed as a transport, returning American troops from Europe. Following her U.S. Navy service, ''Imperator'' was handed over to Britain's Cunard Line as part of war reparations, and she sailed as the flagship RMS ''Berengaria'' for the final decade of her career. ==History== The first plates of her keel were laid in 1910 at the Vulcan Shipyards in Hamburg, Germany, and made her maiden voyage in 1913. At 51,680 gross tons, ''Imperator'' was the largest ship in the world until ''Vaterland'' sailed in May 1914. Before her launch on 23 May 1912, Cunard announced that their new ship, , which was under construction at the time at the John Brown shipyards in Glasgow, would be longer by one foot. There was chagrin in Hamburg. Several weeks later, she was fitted with an imposing bronze eagle figurehead, created by Professor Bruno Kruse of Berlin, which adorned her forepeak with a banner emblazoned with HAPAG's motto ''Mein Feld ist die Welt'' (''My field is the world''); this extension increased the ''Imperator's'' length sufficiently to (easily) surpass the ''Aquitania''. The eagle's wings were later torn off in an Atlantic storm during the 1914 season, after which it was removed and replaced with gold scroll-work which was similar to what was on her stern. On her initial sea trials, the ship ran aground on the Elbe river due to insufficient dredging and a flash fire in the engine room which resulted in eight crewmen being taken to hospital. On her official trials, she suffered overheating of the turbines and some stability issues were discovered. The trials were therefore abandoned and the builders were called in to carry out emergency work. At the same time, the overnight cruise for the Kaiser was cancelled; it was eventually carried out in July that year. ''Imperator'' left on her maiden voyage on Wednesday, 11 June 1913, with Commodore Hans Ruser in command and Hamburg-Amerika appointing four other captains for the journey to make sure that everything went smoothly. On the way, she stopped at Southampton and Cherbourg before proceeding across the Atlantic to New York, arriving on 19 June 1913. On board were 4,986, consisting of 859 first-class passengers, 647 second-class passengers, 648 third-class passengers, 1,495 in the steerage, and 1,332 crew. The ship returned to Europe from Hoboken, New Jersey on 25 June 1913. On her first arrival the harbour pilot assigned to bring her into the Ambrose channel, Captain George Seeth, noted that the ship listed from side to side when the helm made changes to the ship's direction. She was soon nicknamed "Limperator". In October 1913, ''Imperator'' returned to the Vulkan shipyard to facilitate drastic work to improve her handling and stability, as it had been discovered that her centre of gravity was too high (see metacentric height). To correct the problem, the marble bathroom suites in first class were removed and heavy furniture was replaced with lightweight wicker cane. The ship's funnels were reduced in height by three metres. Finally, 2,000 tons of cement was poured into the ship's double bottom as ballast. This work cost £200,000, which had to be borne by the shipyard as part of their five-year warranty to the shipowners. At the same time, an advanced fire sprinkler system was fitted throughout the ship, as several fires had occurred on board since the vessel had entered service. During the 1914 refit of ''Imperator'', Commodore Ruser handed over command of the ship to Captain Theo Kier and left to take command of the new larger flagship ''Vaterland'', which was nearing completion. ''Imperator'' returned to service on 11 March, arriving at New York five days later on the 19th. Among her luxurious features, ''Imperator'' introduced a two-deck-high, Pompeiian-style swimming pool for her first-class passengers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Imperator」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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